{"id":2394,"date":"2013-08-15T11:28:05","date_gmt":"2013-08-15T15:28:05","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/lenichoir.dadderley.com\/2013\/08\/plus-difficiles-a-reperer\/"},"modified":"2013-08-15T11:28:05","modified_gmt":"2013-08-15T15:28:05","slug":"plus-difficiles-a-reperer","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lenichoir.org\/fr\/2013\/08\/15\/plus-difficiles-a-reperer\/","title":{"rendered":"Plus difficiles \u00e0 rep\u00e9rer ?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Pourquoi certains oiseaux migrateurs sont-ils maintenant plus difficiles \u00e0 rep\u00e9rer ?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/lenichoir.org\/\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/08\/swallow2-1.jpg\" alt=\"Barn Swallow at Le Nichoir\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-1665\" \/>Comme le dit l\u2019adage, autrefois tout \u00e9tait mieux, y compris apparemment notre capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 rep\u00e9rer tout l\u00e0 haut dans le ciel une hirondelle des granges ou un martinet ramoneur. Selon les donn\u00e9es collect\u00e9es par les scientifiques, les choses ont vraiment chang\u00e9 : les populations d\u2019oiseaux insectivores et chanteurs d\u2019Am\u00e9rique du Nord ont r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement d\u00e9clin\u00e9 au cours des derni\u00e8res d\u00e9cennies.<\/p>\n<p>Selon Wildlife Preservation Canada, de tous les types d\u2019oiseaux du continent ce sont les hirondelles qui ont connu le d\u00e9clin le plus prononc\u00e9, avec une baisse de 75 % de l\u2019hirondelle des granges au cours des quarante derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es. Les populations des Provinces Maritimes sont les plus touch\u00e9es, dit l\u2019organisme.<\/p>\n<p>Si les donn\u00e9es sont fiables, les raisons exactes du d\u00e9clin de cette population ne le sont pas. Les scientifiques supposent que les menaces qui p\u00e8sent sur l\u2019habitat, les sites d\u2019hivernage et les sources d\u2019alimentation des oiseaux migrateurs \u2013 dont les hirondelles \u2013 sont dus \u00e0 l\u2019urbanisation, aux substances chimiques toxiques et aux changements environnementaux.<!--more--><\/p>\n<p>\u00ab Je crois que les changements climatiques jouent un grand r\u00f4le \u00bb dit la biologiste et directrice g\u00e9n\u00e9rale du Nichoir, Susan Wylie. \u00ab Des p\u00e9riodes irr\u00e9guli\u00e8res de pluie, de froid et de chaleur peuvent rendre la vie difficile aux oiseaux, surtout en p\u00e9riode de nidification et de migration. \u00bb<\/p>\n<p>R\u00e9cemment des experts ont \u00e9tudi\u00e9 l\u2019impact de divers facteurs sur des populations d\u2019oiseaux sp\u00e9cifiques.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/lenichoir.org\/\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/08\/swifts1-1.jpg\" alt=\" Martinets ramoneurs \u00e0 Le Nichoir\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-1660\" srcset=\"https:\/\/lenichoir.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/08\/swifts1-1-66x66.jpg 66w, https:\/\/lenichoir.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/08\/swifts1-1-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/lenichoir.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/08\/swifts1-1.jpg 200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px\" \/>\u00c0 l\u2019universit\u00e9 Queen\u2019s de Kingston, Ont., une \u00e9quipe de chercheurs a analys\u00e9 le contenu d\u2019une chemin\u00e9e du campus qui correspondait \u00e0 cinquante ans d\u2019excr\u00e9ments de martinets ramoneurs. Ils en ont conclu que la baisse de population des martinets peut \u00eatre li\u00e9e \u00e0 une diminution de leur consommation de col\u00e9opt\u00e8res. Pendant des ann\u00e9es, la population de col\u00e9opt\u00e8res a \u00e9t\u00e9 affect\u00e9e par l\u2019utilisation d\u2019un insecticide toxique, le DDT. Moins de col\u00e9opt\u00e8res \u00e9tant disponibles, les martinets ramoneurs se sont tourn\u00e9s vers des nourritures de moindre valeur et, en cons\u00e9quence, leur propre population a d\u00e9clin\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p>Par suite de leur d\u00e9clin, les martinets ramoneurs et les hirondelles des granges ont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9clar\u00e9s esp\u00e8ces menac\u00e9es au Canada. Le Nichoir s\u2019occupe tr\u00e8s attentivement de ces oiseaux. En 2012, le centre a connu un taux de remise en libert\u00e9 d\u2019esp\u00e8ces menac\u00e9es de plus de 85 %.<\/p>\n<p>\u00ab Notre principale priorit\u00e9 est de nous assurer que ces oiseaux sont en parfaite sant\u00e9 lorsqu\u2019ils sont rel\u00e2ch\u00e9s \u00bb dit Susan. \u00ab Nous voulons qu\u2019ils soient viables, capables de se reproduire et de contribuer \u00e0 renouveler leur population.\u00bb<\/p>\n<p>Mais la recherche et la r\u00e9habilitation ne sont pas les seules fa\u00e7ons de faire face au probl\u00e8me. Susan parle de choses que nous pouvons faire pour aider les esp\u00e8ces d\u2019oiseaux menac\u00e9es \u00e0 prosp\u00e9rer :<br \/>\n\u2022\tAcheter des fruits et des l\u00e9gumes locaux sans pesticides.<br \/>\n\u2022\tPlanter dans notre jardin des fleurs, des arbres et des arbustes qui attirent les insectes.<br \/>\n\u2022\tInstaller des nichoirs sp\u00e9cialement faits pour les hirondelles.<\/p>\n<p><em>Autres sources : Environnement Canada, National Audubon Society, Universit\u00e9 Queen\u2019s, Wildlife Preservation Canada.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Pourquoi certains oiseaux migrateurs sont-ils maintenant plus difficiles \u00e0 rep\u00e9rer  [&#8230;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_members_access_role":[],"_members_access_error":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[130,157,171],"class_list":["post-2394","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-conservation-story-fr","tag-insectivorous-birds-fr","tag-oiseaux-insectivores-fr"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Plus difficiles \u00e0 rep\u00e9rer ? 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